If you are going to hire a limo, then it helps to know the different types and styles that are available, this article is designed to offer some assistance. It will only list the more popular limousines available in the UK, rather than offering samples and descriptions of the very rare or more exotic limousines. This is partly because rare limos will only be available in certain areas and, the use of images without the owners permission could breach their copyright.
The most popular stretched limousine available in the UK is the Ford Lincoln Town car 120 stretched limousine. In the UK, these will typically be aged from a 1990 model through to a 2007 model, during this period there were three, fairly distinctive styles. The years of manufacture are approximated because the models may have been changed mid-year and some may have been stretched later.
Lincoln Town Car (Pre1990)
Although the Town Car name actually appeared in 1922, the vehicle itself only became a model in it’s own right in 1981. Most of these particular limousine were built post 1985 through to 1990 and many were built with a smaller stretch, so they may have a smaller seating capacity. There are still a number of excellent examples operating in the UK they would normally be described by their owners as “classic limousines”.
Lincoln Town Car (1990 to 1998)
There are still a large number of these limousines operating in the UK and once again, whilst they may have high mileage and could be 16 or 17 years old, they were well built and owners tend to have looked after them extremely well. The majority of the so called ‘older style, square shaped’ limos were produced between 1990 and 1998. Nonetheless, there are some poor examples, therefore, it is worth asking for some images of the exterior and interior prior to confirming a booking.
Lincoln Town Car (1998 to 2003)
By far the most popular Lincoln Town Car stretched limousine on the road in the UK is the model introduced in 1998, this discarded the previous box shape with an all new curvaceous design, the new design extended into the interior as well. A favourite amongst coachbuilders, it is likely the most successful model, from a volume perspective, of any of the stretched limos. Hence the reason there are so many of this particular model in the UK. Ford also introduced a standard specification for the design and build of stretched Lincoln limousine, coachbuilders that agreed to and adhered to the standard were allowed to purchase donor cars and become part of the QVM programme.
Lincoln Town Car (2003 to )
In 2003, a face lifted model was introduced, although very similar to its predecessor from a design perspective, the front was provided with a more ‘modern’ style and the rear also received similar treatment. Other changes included electrical specifications and the interior finish. Again the coachbuilder embraced this model and it has now become popular in the UK. Unlike the previous model, many of these vehicles were actually brand new when they were imported from the USA.
That other great Marquee in the United States Cadillac was also subject to the coachbuilders’ attention with donor cars being used to build Cadillac stretched limousines. For a number of reasons, the UK market has never really taken to the Cadillac in the same was as the Lincoln Town car, so the Cadillac is still something of a rarity in the UK. Cadillac have a similar approval programme for coachbuilders which is called the Cadillac Master Coachbuilder (CMC).
Cadillac DeVille (2000 to 2005)
Because the Cadillac is relatively rare in the UK, the most likely one offered for hire will be the Cadillac De Ville which was manufactured between 2000 and 2005. You may also come across the previous model which was built between 1994 and 1999, but there are no pictures of this model in a limousine format. There is also an SUV version of the Cadillac, called the Escalade (see below).
In 2006, Lincoln indicated that they were no longer going to build the Lincoln Town Cars (they have since relented, although they will be built in Canada), so the coachbuilders looked around for an alternative. At around the same time, the Chrysler 300 was launched and this became the coachbuilders favoured donor car. Whether it would have had the same success if the situation with the Lincoln had not been announced is highly debatable. But the customers liked the look and very soon the Chrysler 300 arrived in the UK.
Chrysler 300 (2006 – )
Today there are probably more Chrysler 300 limousines stretched by USA coachbuilders than any other limousine, therefore the Chrysler 300 has become an increasingly common sight on our roads. Unlike the Lincoln and Cadillac, which do not disguise their origins, the Chrysler is an all new, modern design, commanding real ‘presence’ on our roads, even though Chrysler had never envisaged that the Chrysler 300 would end up being stretched.
Amongst the larger ‘SUV’ style limousines is the Ford Excursion, Ford Expedition, Lincoln Navigator, Cadillac Escalade, Hummer H2 and Hummer H3. Many are advertised as being capable of carrying more than 8 passengers, however, unless they are being offered on a self-drive hire basis, they cannot carry more than 8 passengers unless they have a Certificate of Initial Fitness (possible, but rare) and the company must have a Bus Operators Licence. Some companies are getting around this problem by registering the limo as a private minibus, using a self-drive hire contract and a ‘contracted in’ chauffeur employed by the hirer. Again, some of these limousine are more popular than others.
Hummer H2
The Hummer is the road going version of the American military vehicle the Humvee and American coachbuilders have been stretching them for over 5 years. The H2, because of its size, is the the more popular model and it is not unusual to see models in the United States, stretched by up to 240″ (some even longer) and advertised as being capable of carrying up to 26 passengers. There are a few of the ‘larger’ H2 limousines in the UK, not least because there are very strict rules in terms of their use as a hire or reward vehicle. Some of the very latest model H2’s may have a Certificate of Initial Fitness, but these will be the exception to the rule, which means a maximum of 8 passengers when offered for hire or reward, irrespective of size.
Hummer H3
The Hummer H3 has only been around for a couple of years and is a little smaller than the H2, however, unless you place them side by side, or your know your Hummer limousines, most people would not be able to tell the difference. Typically the Hummer H3 is stretched by 140″ and will carry a maximum of 8 passengers. There is noticeably less headroom in the H3 version of the limousine.
Ford Excursion
Not the prettiest SUV limousine available on the market, but it is, nonetheless a very roomy limo. A few have been converted in the UK in order that they can gain a Certificate of Initial Fitness, which means they will be able to carry up to 13 passengers, when hired through a Licensed Bus Operator and driven by a chauffeur with the appropriate PCV licence.
Lincoln Navigator
Depending on who you talk to, the Lincoln Navigator is a more handsome SUV than others within its peer group, it also has a more upmarket feel, certainly from the chauffeurs perspective. Once again, it is possible to locate Lincoln Navigators in the United States that have been stretched up to 180″ and advertised as being able to carry 16 passengers. If they have been built by an approved QVM coachbuilder, then the stretch will be limited to 140″ and the maximum number of passengers in the USA will be 14. There are only a handful of these limousines in the UK and they will be subject to the much stricter rules employed here, irrespective of what the coachbuilders, manufacturers or QVM programme states.
Cadillac Escalade
Once again, for one reason or another, the Cadillac limousines are more popular in the United States than they are in the UK. The Escalade is Cadillac’s own SUV and may be stretched up to 200″, with perhaps, an advertised carrying capacity of 20 passengers. As before, the UK rules and regulation take precedence and, conversions to allow them to be used here to carry more than 8 passengers is prohibitively expensive. As a consequence, not many people will be offered these particular limousines and certainly not to carry more than 8 passengers.
Ford Expedition
This is the larger version of the Ford Excursion and the same rules apply.
Now then, onto the rules that govern your safety in the UK.
From 1st January 2008, all limousine operators that offer a limo for hire or reward must be Licensed. They can either register as a Bus Operators (there are 4 different types of licence) or as a Private Hire Operator, where they register with their local district council.
Private Hire Operators
No matter how large the limousine is, at the time of writing this article, the maximum number of passengers that can be carried for hire or reward is 8. FACT!
Bus Operators
Provided the limousine has an SVA and have been licensed as a Public Service Vehicle, they can carry a maximum of 8 passengers for hire and reward. To carry more than 8 passengers, the limousine must have a Certificate of Initial, Fitness, this will determine the maximum number of passengers (typically, but not necessarily) 14. The vehicle must be registered as a Public Service Vehicle and the chauffeur must have an appropriate PCV Licence. FACT!
Self-Drive Hire
Provided a limousine has undergone some minor conversion work, it is possible to register it as a private minibus. This vehicle can then be hired out on a self-drive hire basis, to carry a maximum of 16 (typically 14) passengers. The hirer is expected to use a contracted chauffeur from an approved source to drive the limousine. So, the hirer enters an agreement whereby they hire the limo on a self-drive hire basis and then employ a chauffeur, who the hirer must pay. As a consequence of this arrangement, the limousine company need not have an appropriate operators licence and the limousine does not currently need a Certificate of Initial Fitness.
This type of arrangement may actually be legal, but it most certainly circumvents many of the regulations put in place to protect the travelling public, in addition, it is the hirer that shoulders much of the risk if it all goes pear shaped and it is unlikely that the limousine company will be spelling this out at the time of the hire. Anyone considering using this method should do so with their eyes open, there are significant risks and the hirer could, theoretically be charged with operating a vehicle for hire or reward without an Operator Licence and a vehicle for hire or reward without a Certificate of Initial Fitness. You have been warned.
Of course VOSA who know exactly what is going on, appear to be nothing to prevent this type of hire, but you can rest assured, that if the worse should happen, they will not be slow to prosecute the hirer if any offence has been committed.
Cars for Stars in London is licensed by the Public Carriage Office (PCO) for private hire and other Cars for Stars branches are licensed through their local authority. Therefore, the businesses are subject to regular assessments to ensure that they comply with all of the regulations, the limousines and chauffeur cars must be subjected to regular and very stringent tests, in order that they can retain their private hire vehicle licence and of course the chauffeurs must also be licensed to drive these vehicles. For a chauffeur to obtain and maintain their licence they must be subjected to and pass a medical and will also be subject to a Criminal Records Bureau check.
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